APPLICATIONS
The Lipoparticle
Lipoparticle technology enables the cell-free manipulation of highly concentrated sources of membrane proteins (50-200 pmol/mg), such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels, for biomedical research and drug development.
Application Note: The Lipoparticle
Application Note: Comparison to Membrane Preps
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Membrane Protein Interaction Kinetics: Biosensors
The Lipoparticle's small size, high membrane protein concentration, and purity enable its use with optical biosensors such as ProteOn and Biacore biosensors. Association rate, dissociation rate, and affinity can be obtained, and panels of antibodies can be rapidly screened.
Application Note: Biosensor Kinetic Analysis
Application Note: Rapid Biosensor Screening
Application Note: Array-based Biosensor Analysis
Application Note: Lipoparticle Attachment to Biosensor Chips
Application Note: One Shot Kinetic Analysis of Membrane Proteins
Application Note: Kinetic Analysis of Mutated Proteins
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Antibody Development and Phage Panning
Because Lipoparticles express membrane proteins at much greater concentrations and purities than whole cells, they possess superior antigenic homogeneity, and can be used to derive better antibodies against conformationally-complex membrane proteins.
Application Note: Lipoparticles as Immunogens |
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High Throughput Screening: Ligand Binding
Lipoparticles contain structurally intact membrane proteins at high concentrations, offering improvements in assay sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility compared with traditional formats such as whole cells or membrane preparations.
Application Note: Radioligand Binding |
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High Throughput Screening: Signaling Assays
Lipoparticles have been engineered to detect receptor-mediated signaling events in the absence of cells. Ion channel and GPCR signaling assays using Lipoparticles are currently in development.
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Probes and Sensors
Lipoparticles are being used as membrane-delineated molecular probes, incorporating user-defined membrane-anchored proteins, soluble molecules, or enzymes for target interaction and optical signal emission.
Application Note: The LipoProbe
Application Note: Bead Binding |
Shotgun Mutagenesis
Shotgun Mutagenesis mapping enables detailed structure-function analysis of complex proteins, including GPCR interactions with antibodies, drugs, and natural ligands.
Application Note: Shotgun Mutagenesis
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Antibody Epitope Mapping
Identifying the structures that contribute to MAb binding sites (epitopes) can be rapidly achieved using Shotgun Mutagenesis. Epitope information is commonly used in selecting the most relevant MAbs for therapeutic, diagnostic (e.g. biomarker), and research applications, including vaccine development.
Application Note: Epitope Mapping
Application Note: Atomic-level Epitope Mapping
Application Note: Epitope Intellectual Property Protection |
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Mapping Drug Binding Sites
Shotgun Mutagenesis rapidly generates maps of the critical residues required for drug binding. This SAR information can be used to guide computational docking studies to design improved small molecules, and to differentiate intellectual property positions of otherwise similar compounds.
Application Note: Drug Mapping and Docking
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Identifying Functional and Signaling Regions
Because Shotgun Mutagenesis enables the function of protein mutations to be tested in living eukaryotic cells, functional domains within a protein can be explored using standard microplate-based assays. Residues required for specific functions, such as GPCR signaling and virus receptor usage, are readily identified in this way.
Application Note: VIrus Receptor Mapping
Application Note: Ligand Mapping |
Reporter Virus Particles (RVPs)
RVPs are replication-incompetent virus particles that enable viral infectivity studies to be conducted safely, easily, and reproducibly using standard detection instrumentation. RVPs express convenient optical reporter genes upon cellular infection and are offered as quality-controlled, ready-to-use reagents.
